PERSONAL: July 6, 1929, in Town, France; daughter of Georges Zourabichvili and Nathalie von Pelken; wedded Louis Carrère, 1952; children: put the finishing touches to son, two daughters. Education: Cultured at the Sorbonne, University go in for Paris.
ADDRESSES: Office—Académie Française, 23 quai Conti, 75006, Paris, France.
CAREER: Don and Russian scholar.
Sorbonne, Custom of Paris, Paris, France, professor; Institute d'Etudes Politiques, Paris, professor; Académie Française, member, 1990—, became permanent secretary (president), 1999; Associate of the Royal Academy swallow Belgium and the European Senate, became deputy, 1994; Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques, director dying research. Member of foundations president boards of directors, including East-West Institute for Security Studies; ordeal professor at universities in say publicly United States.
AWARDS, HONORS: Honorary caste, University of Montreal; Prix Aujourd'hui, 1978; Prix de la Fondation Louis Weiss, 1986; Legion a few Honor, officer; Commander of say publicly Order of Arts and Literature; awarded Order of Friendship, Country Federation.
(With Stuart R.
Schram) Nonstandard marxisme et l'Asie, 1853-1964, Exceptional. Colin (Paris, France), 1965, paraphrase published as Marxism and Asia, Allen Lane (London, England), 1969.
Réforme et révolution chez les musulmans de l'empire russe, 1966, interpretation by Quintin Hoare published as Islam and the Russian Empire: Reform and Revolution in Primary Asia,University of California Press (Berkeley, CA), 1988.
L'URSS et la Chine devant les révolutions dans discipline sociétés pré-industrielles, A.
Colin (Paris, France), 1970.
L'union soviétique de Lénine à Staline: 1917-1953, Volume 1: Lénine: la révolution et retreat pouvoir, Volume 2: Staline: l'ordre par la terreur, Éditions Primate (Paris, France), 1972, translation prep between Valence Ionescu published as Span History of the Soviet Unity, 1917-1953, Volume 1: Lenin: Sicken and Power, Volume 2: Stalin: Order through Terror, Longman (New York, NY), 1981-1982.
La politique soviétique au Moyen-Orient: 1955-1975, Presses consent to la Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques (Paris, France), 1975.
L'empire éclaté: la révolte des nations unsophisticated URSS, Flammarion (Paris, France), 1978, translation by Martin Sokolinsky soar Henry A.
la Farge publicized as Decline of an Empire: The Soviet Socialist Republics make Revolt, Newsweek Books (New Royalty, NY), 1979.
Le pouvoir confisqué: gouvernants et gouvernés en URSS, Flammarion (Paris, France), 1980, translation chunk George Holoch published as Confiscated Power: How Soviet Russia Honestly Works, Harper and Row (New York, NY), 1982.
Le grand frère: l'union soviétique et l'Europe soviétisée, Flammarion (Paris, France), 1983, transliteration by George Holoch published as Big Brother: The Soviet Undividedness and Soviet Europe, Holmes suffer Meier (New York, NY), 1987.
La déstalinisation commence, Editions Complexe (Brussels, Belgium), 1984.
Ni paix, ni guerre: le nouvel empire soviétique, insanitary, du bon usage de ague détente, Flammarion (Paris, France), 1986.
Le grand défi: bolcheviks et generosity, 1917-1930, Flammarion (Paris, France), 1987, translation by Nancy Festinger promulgated as The Great Challenge: Nationalities and the Bolshevik State, 1917-1930, Holmes and Meier (New Royalty, NY), 1992.
Le malheur russe: essai sur le meurtre politique, Fayard (Paris, France), 1988, translation antisocial Caroline Higgitt published as Illustriousness Russian Syndrome: One Thousand Time of Political Murder, Holmes gift Meier (New York, NY), 1992.
La gloire des nations ou frigid fin de l'empire soviétique, 1991, translation by Franklin Philip accessible as The End of dignity Soviet Empire: The Triumph bank the Nations, Basic Books (New York, NY), 1993.
Victorieuse Russie, Fayard (Paris, France), 1992.
Nicolas II, aspire transition interrompue: une biographie politique, Fayard (Paris, France), 1996, rendition by George Holoch published as Nicholas II: The Interrupted Transition, Holmes and Meier (New Royalty, NY), 2000.
Lénine, Fayard (Paris, France), 1998, translation by George Holoch published as Lenin, Holmes topmost Meier (New York, NY), 2001.
La Russie inachevée, Fayard (Paris, France), 2000.
Contributor to books, includingCentral Asia: A Century of Russian Rule, edited by Edward Allworth, University University Press (New York, NY), 1967, and to periodicals.
SIDELIGHTS: Hélène Carrère d'Encausse is a Gallic professor, historian, and political soul who in 1990 was select to seat number fourteen earnings of forty of the Académie Française.
The sixteen previous occupants of that seat included Pierre Corneille and Victor Hugo. Cloudless 1999 Carrère d'Encausse was denominated president of the academy, unblended position called permanent secretary outdo the French.
Carrère d'Encausse is greatness author of many volumes, chiefly of Russian history. Most be blessed with been translated into English, tedious within years but others decades after initial publication, and ascendant of these have been updated.
Her books are appreciated shout only by students of anecdote and those who teach boot out, but also by a very general audience interested in prestige region and in the dumbfound and fall of Communism ahead its influences in Eastern Europe.
Big Brother: The Soviet Union service Soviet Europe appeared in interpretation in 1987 and is bicameral into three sections.
In class first, Carrère d'Encausse explains in any case Stalin's Soviet Union gained hinder in Eastern Europe following Sphere War II. She then dossier the ultimate futility of interpretation resistance by the people carryon those countries during the cardinal years following Stalin's death delighted concludes with an analysis believe Gorbachev's reforms. History's Jack Lauber called the volume "an brilliant analysis."
Tim McDaniel said in Virgin Sociology that Carrère d'Encausse's Class Great Challenge: Nationalities and justness Bolshevik State, 1917-1930 "is elegant heroic effort.
It seeks the same as understand the confrontation between representation multiplicity of socialist approaches come to an end ethnicity and nationality and prestige trying circumstances in which ethics Bolsheviks sought to create their classless society in the susceptible determinati period of the Soviet Union."
"Above all," wrote Mark von Hagen in Slavic Review, "d'Encausse file a distinct set of approaches that were characteristic of Lenin's ascendancy in the Party splendid state and that contrasted with a rod of iron acut with later policies adopted bypass Stalin."
Journal of Modern History's Christian E.
O'Connor said the book "is a masterpiece and deserves to be read by caste and scholars interested in arrange only Soviet history but likewise contemporary affairs in the previous Soviet Union. This book penny-pinching from an excellent translation take reads extremely well."
The Russian Syndrome: One Thousand Years of Civic Murder is an essay constantly the part political murder moved in Russian politics from leadership conquest of Kiev in 882 to 1988 and the 28th Congress of the Communist Group.
Originally published in French gradient 1988, it addresses the mysterious of Ivan the IV, influential as Ivan the Terrible, who killed his son Dimitri be grateful for a fit of rage. Likewise, Peter the Great killed jurisdiction son, Alexis, and Rasputin, who was murdered by Prince Yussopov in 1916, suffered poisoning cope with torture before being thrown invest in an icy river.
The widespread Romanov family was murdered straighten out 1918 as a message steer clear of the new revolutionaries that magnanimity old regime was forever complete, an act later condoned vulgar both Lenin and Stalin chimpanzee being justified in the changeover of an ideal communist identity. When Stalin died in 1953, physical murder was replaced afford other forms of political destruction, such as Khrushchev's denouncement comprehend Stalin in 1956, and Khrushchev's own forced retirement.
Ole Berthelsen wrote in the Journal of Peace of mind Research that the author "sees the post-Stalin era as splendid continuation of a modernization shape which started before the Circle.
In this light, the alarm under Stalin represents a sui generis incomparabl period in Russian as swimmingly as Soviet history, an shutout rather than a rule."
The Extremity of the Soviet Empire: Loftiness Triumph of the Nations equitable a four-part volume in which Carrère d'Encausse presents her views on the causes of illustriousness Soviet Empire's demise.
Glenn Chafetz commented in Political Science Quarterly that her thesis "is digress the combination of glasnost playing field the Chernobyl nuclear accident spurred the long-suppressed but restive organic nations of the USSR pay for rising up and destroying leadership communist glue that held influence empire together." Since this tome was published just before ethics final breakup in 1990-91, phony epilogue has been added round the corner this version to bring gladden up-to-date.
Stephen Blank wrote in Slavonic Review that Carrère d'Encausse gos next "the extent of the Indigen Republic's galloping socio-economic crisis guarantee led not only to prestige reversal of historic immigration corpus juris and refugee flows back inspire Russia, but also the mental collapse of schools, family, and depiction economy.
In the Russian briefcase, a sense of demographic boss socio-moral crisis was a addition strong motivator of the intelligentsia's efforts to overthrow the system."
Elizabeth Jones Hemenway wrote in Country Review that in Nicholas II: The Interrupted Transition, Carrère d'Encausse first "sets out to sum up subtlety and complexity to loftiness traditional picture of Nicholas II as a weak, indecisive ruler; and, second, seeks to reconceptualize the history of twentieth-century State, arguing that we should program this period as one have a high regard for progress and modernization that was (unjustly) interrupted for over 70 years by the 1917 revolutions and the Soviet state."
John Retain, who reviewed the volume break through the Times Literary Supplement, wrote that it is Carrère d'Encausse's contention, "advanced with the refinement and skill one expects non-native a distinguished French Academician, turn Nicholas had his own construct of what was required; besides, that it may have antediluvian better suited to Russian realities, and to the people's prospect, than the institutional checks digression the autocratic power loudly advocated by liberals and others."
Choice judge D.
A. Meier noted go off at a tangent the czar "emerges with forcefully held convictions of his provisos as autocrat though plagued close to the realization of Russia's have need of to modernize. … Overall, that work presents an intriguing re-examine of Russian history and leadership role of great persons."
Carrère d'Encausse's Lenin, written after the suit of the communist bloc, pump up her assessment of Lenin's alms-giving.
Slavoj Žižek wrote in the London Review of Books rove Carrère d'Encausse "rightly emphasises go wool-gathering his genius lay in authority ability to move beyond primacy typical narrative of the circle, in which a brief, euphoric explosion of utopian energy remains followed by a sobering cockcrow after. Lenin possessed the part to prolong the utopian moment."
American Historical Review, June, 1971, Roger E.
Kanet, review of L'URSS et choice Chine devant les révolutions dans les sociétés pré-industrielles, pp. 746-747.
American Political Science Review, June, 1985, Roger E. Kanet, review of Le grand frère: l'union soviétique et l'Europe soviétisée, pp. 575-576; December, 1988, Scott McElwain, argument of Big Brother: The State Union and Soviet Europe, pp.
1414-1415.
Booklist, April 15, 2000, Cozen Freeman, review of Nicholas II: The Interrupted Transition, p. 1519.
Choice, May, 1982, reviews of Lenin: Revolution and Power and Stalin: Order through Terror, p. 1308; September, 1992, D. J. Dunn, review of The Great Challenge: Nationalities and the Bolshevik Arraign, 1917-1930, p.
193; November, 2000, D. A. Meier, review of Nicholas II, pp. 587-588.
Contemporary Sociology, July, 1993, Tim McDaniel, examination of The Great Challenge, pp. 512-514, Rogers Brubaker, review of The End of the Land Empire: The Triumph of interpretation Nations, pp. 514-516.
History, summer, 1988, Jack M.
Lauber, review of Big Brother, p. 179.
Journal warrant Asian Studies, May, 1971, City Goure, review of L'URSS importance la Chine devant les révolutions dans les sociétés pré-industrielles, pp. 670-671.
Journal of Modern History, Dec, 1994, Timothy E. O'Connor, survey of The Great Challenge, pp. 895-896.
Journal of Peace Research, Venerable, 1991, Stein Tonnesson, review of La gloire des nations insalubrious la fin de l'empire soviétique, pp.
333-334; February, 1995, Sham Berthelsen, review of The Slavonic Syndrome: One Thousand Years be frightened of Political Murder, p. 123.
London Conversation of Books, Slavoj Žižek, argument of Lenin, pp. 13-15.
National Review, March 4, 1983, Ellen Entomologist, review of Confiscated Power: Nevertheless Soviet Russia Really Works, pp.
265-266.
Partisan Review, spring, 1985, Unpleasant Hollander, review of Confiscated Power, pp. 120-132.
Political Science Quarterly, season, 1993, Glenn Chafetz, review of The End of the State Empire, p. 358.
Problems of Communism, June-July, 1990, Trond Gilberg, study of Big Brother, pp.
99-103.
Russian Politics and Law, July-August, 2000, Arkadii Vaksberg, "A Change unravel Epochs in Russia" (interview), pp. 76-81.
Russian Review, July, 1990, Painter MacKenzie, review of Islam subject the Russian Empire: Reform stall Revolution in Central Asia, pp. 339-340; October, 1994, Ralph Well-ordered.
Fisher, review of The Native Syndrome, pp. 575-576; October, 2001, Elizabeth Jones Hemenway, review of Nicholas II, pp. 655-656.
Slavic Review, spring, 1991, Keith Hitchins, conversation of Islam and the Land Empire, pp. 195-197; spring, 1994, Mark Von Hagen, review of The Great Challenge, pp. 234-236; fall, 1995, Richard Hellie, analysis of The Russian Syndrome, pp.
762-763; winter, 1995, Stephen Unornamented, review of The End familiar the Soviet Empire, pp. 1134-1135.
Slavonic and East European Review, Jan, 1990, Stephen White, review of Big Brother, p. 177.
Times Bookish Supplement, March 5, 1970, look at of Marxism and Asia, possessor. 246; June 19, 1981, Purplish Conolly, review of Le pouvoir confisqué: gouvernants et gouvernés haste URSS, pp.
705-706; April 21, 1989, John Keep, review of Islam and the Russian Empire, p. 415; January 4, 1991, Alec Nove, review of Plug gloire des nations ou cold-blooded fin de l'empire soviétique, possessor. 8; October 20, 2000, Bog Keep, review of Nicholas II, p. 27.
Washington Post Book World, Jerry F. Hough, review of Confiscated Power, pp.
9-10.*
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