Mort de bernadette soubirous biography

Bernadette Soubirous

French Roman Catholic saint (1844–1879)

Bernadette Soubirous (; French:[bɛʁnadɛtsubiʁu]; Occitan: Bernadeta Sobirós[beɾnaˈðetɔsuβiˈɾus]; 7 January 1844 – 16 Apr 1879), also known as Bernadette of Lourdes, was the progeny daughter of a miller take the stones out of Lourdes (Lorda in Occitan), check the department of Hautes-Pyrénées whitehead France, and is best publish for experiencing apparitions of natty "young lady" who asked detail a chapel to be custom at the nearby cave-grotto.

These apparitions occurred between 11 Feb and 16 July 1858, captain the young lady who emerged to her identified herself introduction the "Immaculate Conception".

After pure canonical investigation, Soubirous's reports were eventually declared "worthy of belief" on 18 February 1862, accept the Marian apparition became acknowledged as Our Lady of Lourdes.

In 1866, Soubirous joined justness Sisters of Charity of Nevers at their convent in Nevers where she spent the resolve years of her life. Put your feet up body is said by primacy Catholic Church to remain internally incorrupt.[2] The grotto where position apparitions occurred later went medium to become a major crusade site and Marian shrine reputed as the Sanctuary of Wilt Lady of Lourdes, attracting environing five million pilgrims of bell denominations each year.

Pope Pius XI beatified Bernadette Soubirous go into 14 June 1925 and lofty her on 8 December 1933. Her feast day, initially selected as 18 February – prestige day Mary promised to get done her happy, not in that life, but in the further – is now observed pulsate most places on the platitude of her death, 16 April.[3]

Early life

Marie Bernarde Soubirous was character daughter of François Soubirous (1807–1871), a miller, and his helpmate Louise (née Casteròt; 1825–1866), wonderful laundress.[4] She was the firstborn of nine children—Bernadette, Jean (born and died 1845), Toinette (1846–1892), Jean-Marie (1848–1851), Jean-Marie (1851–1919), Justin (1855–1865), Pierre (1859–1931), Jean (born and died 1864), and wonderful baby named Louise who spasm soon after her birth (1866).[citation needed]

Soubirous was born on 7 January 1844[5] and baptized disrespect the local parish church, Criticism.

Pierre's, on 9 January, absorption parents' wedding anniversary. Her godmother was Bernarde Casterot, her mother's sister, a moderately wealthy woman who owned a tavern. Unbroken times had fallen on Author, and the family lived rework extreme poverty. Soubirous was wonderful very sick child and perchance due to this only steady 1.4 m (4 ft.

7in.) lanky. She contracted cholera as calligraphic toddler and suffered severe asthma for the rest of pull together life. Soubirous attended the daytime school conducted by the Sisters of Charity and Christian Coaching of Nevers.[6] Contrary to well-organized belief popularized by Hollywood cinema, Soubirous learned very little Gallic, only studying French in kindergarten after age 13.

At avoid time she could read humbling write very little due have it in for her frequent illness. She strut the language of Occitan, which was spoken by the go into liquidation population of the Pyrenees sector at that time and closely a residual degree today.

Visions

Main article: Lourdes apparitions

By the spell of the events at distinction grotto, the Soubirous family's pecuniary and social status had declined to the point where they lived in a one-room story, an abandoned jail, called le cachot, "the dungeon", where they were housed for free soak her mother's cousin, André Sajoux.

On 11 February 1858, Soubirous, run away with aged 14, was out group firewood with her sister Toinette and a friend near grandeur grotto of Massabielle (Tuta public Massavielha) when she experienced bitterness first vision.

While the extra girls crossed the little dangle in front of the cavern and walked on, Soubirous stayed behind, looking for a substitution to cross where she wouldn't get her stockings wet. She finally sat down to thorough her shoes off in course to cross the water put forward was lowering her stocking in the way that she heard the sound short vacation rushing wind, but nothing seized.

A wild rose in a-ok natural niche in the den, however, did move. From leadership niche, or rather the sunless alcove behind it, "came uncluttered dazzling light, and a ivory figure". This was the important of 18 visions of what she referred to as aquerò (pronounced [ake'ɾɔ]), GasconOccitan for "that". In later testimony, she baptized it "a small young lady" (uo petito damizelo).

Her coddle and her friend stated walk they had seen nothing.

On 14 February, after Sunday Mass, Soubirous, with her sister Marie pointer some other girls, returned anticipate the grotto. Soubirous knelt cold drink immediately, saying she saw blue blood the gentry apparition again. When one weekend away the girls threw holy aqua at the niche and other threw a rock from done with that shattered on the beginning, the apparition disappeared.

On show next visit, 18 February, Soubirous said that "the vision" on purpose her to return to interpretation grotto every day for wonderful fortnight.

This period of almost diurnal visions came to be be revealed as la Quinzaine sacrée, "holy fortnight." Initially, Soubirous's parents, exceptionally her mother, were embarrassed instruct tried to forbid her object to go.

The supposed apparition frank not identify herself until depiction seventeenth vision. Although the townsfolk who believed she was effectual the truth assumed she maxim the Virgin Mary, Soubirous conditions claimed it to be Prearranged, consistently using the word aquerò. She described the lady whereas wearing a white veil, regular blue girdle and with trig yellow rose on each foot – compatible with "a description grip any statue of the Pure in a village church".

Soubirous's narration caused a sensation among righteousness townspeople, who were divided household their opinions on whether defect not she was telling righteousness truth.

Some believed her bring out have a mental illness come to rest demanded she be put play a role an asylum.[12]

The other contents sustaining Soubirous's reported visions were approachable and focused on the want for prayer and penance. Allegation 25 February she explained prowl the vision had told put your feet up "to drink of the h of the spring, to pan in it and to snack the herb that grew there," as an act of atonement.

To everyone's surprise, the incoming day the grotto was pollex all thumbs butte longer muddy but clear bottled water flowed. On 2 March, miniature the thirteenth apparition, Soubirous verbal her family that the female said that "a chapel be obliged be built and a course formed".[6]

The sixteenth vision, which Soubirous stated went on for assigning an hour, was on 25 March.

According to her ponder, during that visitation, she another time asked the woman for accumulate name but the lady change smiled back. She repeated position question three more times highest finally heard the lady state, in GasconOccitan, "I am rendering Immaculate Conception" (Que soy crop immaculada councepciou in Occitan).[6] In the face being rigorously interviewed by directorate of both the Catholic Communion and the French government, she stuck consistently to her story.[6]

On 7 April, Soubirous had choice vision, during which her contend with was apparently not burnt for ages c in depth being in contact with authority flame of a candle will several minutes.

On 8 June 1858, the mayor of Lourdes decided to barricade the cave and put guards to obviate public access. On 16 July, Soubirous came back to photograph the grotto from the overpower side of the river post experienced her eighteenth and ultimate apparition of the lady.

Description delightful the vision

As happened later swop the 1917 apparitions of Muhammadan in Portugal,[15] the primordial collection of the entity made unreceptive Bernadette Soubirous was gradually different to fit the more workaday Marian iconography images.

In honourableness seer's account, the apparition was a small figure, a verdant girl (a "jeune fille"), who looked like a twelve life old child, who was ulterior transformed by interpreters into clean up "lady" of fifteen or regular twenty years of age. Nobleness commissioned statue by Joseph Fabisch also failed to capture illustriousness extreme beauty and youth retard the apparition, and Bernadette commented: "too big, too old".

Results of her visions

After investigation, All-inclusive Church authorities confirmed the truth of the apparitions in 1862.[4] In the 160 years in that Soubirous dug up the open out, 70[17][18] cures have been solid by the Lourdes Medical Writing-desk as "inexplicable" – after what the Catholic Church claims roll "extremely rigorous scientific and restorative examinations" that failed to come on any other explanation.

The Lourdes Commission that examined Bernadette rear 1 the visions ran an all-out analysis on the water leading found that, while it locked away a high mineral content, elation contained nothing out of say publicly ordinary that would account nurse the cures attributed to shakiness. Bernadette said that it was faith and prayer that recovered the sick: "One must put on faith and pray; the aqua will have no virtue outdoors faith".[19]

Soubirous's request to the within walking distance priest to build a asylum at the site of breach visions eventually gave rise criticize a number of chapels title churches at Lourdes.

The Church of Our Lady of Lourdes is now one of nobleness major Catholic pilgrimage sites expect the world. One of honesty churches built at the plat, the Basilica of St. Pius X, can accommodate 25,000 common and was dedicated by honourableness future Pope John XXIII what because he was the Papal Representative to France.

In 2013, 715,000 and in 2016, 570,000 pilgrims attended pilgrimage events. [20]

Later years

Disliking the attention she was charming, Bernadette went to the territory school run by the Sisters of Charity of Nevers circle she had learned to loom and write. Although she wise joining the Carmelites, her queasiness precluded her entering any party the strict contemplative orders.

Possibility 29 July 1866, with 42 other candidates, she took character religious habit of a applicant and joined the Sisters notice Charity at their motherhouse, grandeur Saint Gildard Convent at Nevers.

Salinger biography news

Cause Mistress of Novices was Coddle Marie Therese Vauzou.[21] The Keep somebody from talking Superior at the time gave her the name Marie-Bernarde[12] inferior honor of her godmother who was named "Bernarde". As Patricia A. McEachern observes, "Bernadette was devoted to Saint Bernard, have a lot to do with patron saint; she copied unconventional texts related to him copy notebooks and on bits break into paper.

The experience of smooth 'Sister Marie-Bernard' marked a bend point for Bernadette as she realized more than ever renounce the great grace she standard from the Queen of City of god brought with it great responsibilities."[22]

Soubirous spent the rest of cook brief life at the motherhouse, working as an assistant descent the infirmary[21] and later sort a sacristan, creating ornate ornamentation for altar cloths and out.

Her contemporaries admired her modesty and spirit of sacrifice. Give someone a buzz day, asked about the apparitions, she replied:[23]

The Virgin used be inclined to as a broom to get rid of the dust. When the effort is done, the broom comment put behind the door again.

Soubirous had followed the development stare Lourdes as a pilgrimage enclose while she still lived put down Lourdes but was not existent for the consecration of grandeur Basilica of the Immaculate Beginning there in 1876.

Unfortunately, Soubirous's childhood bout of "cholera left [...] [Bernadette] with severe, chronic asthma, and eventually she contracted t.b. of the lungs and bones."[22] For several months prior give somebody no option but to her death, she was no good to take an active item in convent life.

She sooner or later died of her long-term syndrome at the age of 35 on 16 April 1879 (Easter Wednesday),[21] while praying the Devotional Rosary. On her deathbed, sort she suffered from severe gripe and in keeping with decency Virgin Mary's admonition of "Penance, Penance, Penance," Bernadette proclaimed depart "all this is good be attracted to Heaven!" Her final words were, "Blessed Mary, Mother of Demiurge, Pray for me".

Soubirous' entity was laid to rest choose by ballot the St Joseph Chapel, detect the grounds of her cloister.

Sainthood

Soubirous was declared blessed top 14 June 1921[12] by Pontiff Pius XI. She was awesome by Pius XI on 8 December 1933, the feast allowance the Immaculate Conception.[1]

She is famed in the liturgical calendar accuse the Catholic Church on 16 April.[24] In France, her ritualistic celebration is an optional commemorative and is held on Feb 18,[25][26] which commemorates Bernadette's base vision during which the "lady" told her that she does not promise to make put your feet up happy in this world, on the contrary in the other.[27]

The body spot Bernadette Soubirous

Bishop Gauthey of Nevers and the Catholic Church exhumed the body of Soubirous respect 22 September 1909, in loftiness presence of representatives appointed dampen the postulators of the encourage, two doctors and a preserve of the community.

They presumed that although the crucifix inconvenience her hand and her chaplet had both oxidized, her object appeared incorrupt – preserved yield decomposition. This was cited reorganization one of the miracles be a result support her canonization. They out and reclothed her body heretofore re-burial in the Chapel present St Joseph in a unusual double casket.[28]

The church exhumed goodness corpse a second time settlement 3 April 1919, on blue blood the gentry occasion of the approval fend for Bernadette's canonization.

Dr. Comte, who examined the body, noted, "The body is practically mummified, cold with patches of mildew prep added to quite a notable layer scrupulous salts, which appear to rectify calcium salts. [...] The skin has disappeared in some places, on the contrary it is still present sponsor most parts of the body."[29] Again, the body was joint to the vault of Drive Joseph's chapel.

In 1925, rendering church exhumed the body complete a third time. They took relics, which were sent draw attention to Rome. A precise imprint forestall the face was molded convey make a wax mask home-produced on the imprints and solve some genuine photos to remark placed on her body. That was common practice for relics in France as it was feared that the blackish suggestion to the face and greatness sunken eyes and nose would be viewed as corruption tough the public.

Imprints of class hands were also taken give a hand the presentation of the object and the making of get bigger casts. The remains were substantiate placed in a gold squeeze crystal reliquary in the Pagoda of Saint Bernadette at justness main church of the abbey [28]

Three years later in 1928, Doctor Comte published a statement on the third exhumation time off Soubirous in the second subject of the Bulletin de l'Association medicale de Notre-Dame de Lourdes.

I would have liked plan open the left side clamour the thorax to take greatness ribs as relics and verification remove the heart which Frenzied am certain must have survived. However, as the trunk was slightly supported on the passed over arm, it would have archaic rather difficult to try increase in intensity get at the heart keep away from doing too much noticeable accelerate.

As the Mother Superior difficult expressed a desire for rendering Saint's heart to be set aside together with the whole oppose, and as Monsignor the Pastor did not insist, I gave up the idea of foundation the left-hand side of honesty thorax and contented myself professional removing the two right ribs which were more accessible. [...] What struck me during this subject, of course, was the tide of perfect preservation of say publicly skeleton, the fibrous tissues outline the muscles (still supple service firm), of the ligaments, boss of the skin, and prove all the totally unexpected executive of the liver after 46 years.

One would have impression that this organ, which psychoanalysis basically soft and inclined abrupt crumble, would have decomposed extremely rapidly or would have hard to a chalky consistency. Hitherto, when it was cut dissuade was soft and almost dazzling in consistency. I pointed that out to those present, remarking that this did not sound to be a natural phenomenon.[30]

In 1970, the convent at Nevers was converted into a enterprise centre dedicated to Soubirous, jog by volunteers and a occasional sisters and known as Espace Bernadette Soubirous Nevers.

In loftiness spring of 2015, the city of Lourdes lobbied for Soubirous's remains to be returned work to rule Lourdes, a move opposed unresponsive to the city of Nevers.[31]

Minor relics

The Sanctuary of Our Lady be advantageous to Lourdes has a few physical relics which traveled in various European dioceses from 2017 know about be exposed for the adoration of people.[32] In 2019, well-ordered new reliquary was built construe the travel of the relics.[33] In 2022, the reliquary visited the United States and nobleness United Kingdom.

The relics final traveled to the United States from April to August 2022, visiting around thirty dioceses.[34] Improvement September and October 2022, picture relics where exposed in clutch fifty places in England, Scotland, and Wales, including in distinction Westminster Cathedral and at blue blood the gentry Carfin Lourdes Grotto.[35][36]

Places

The town obvious Lourdes where Bernadette grew detach and had her visions has become a major international hajj site attracting millions of followers each year.

Several churches dominant infrastructures were built around position cave where the apparitions occurred, forming together the Sanctuary dressingdown Our Lady of Lourdes. Description sanctuary is reputed for justness Lourdes water streaming inside leadership cave from a spring determined by Bernadette during the apparitions, which is said to take healing properties, attracting many indisposed pilgrims.

The most recent religion in the sanctuary is honesty St. Bernadette Church, completed play a part 1988.[37] The sanctuary also has a museum called the Team leader. Bernadette Museum, dedicated to significance history of the apparitions.[38] Update the city center of Lourdes, pilgrims can visit the scaffold where Bernadette was born stall the room where her cover was staying at the put on ice of the apparitions.[39][40]

Hundreds of Lourdes grottos were built all open up the world after the apparitions to allow believers to regard Our Lady of Lourdes mop the floor with their own countries, specially those who could not afford coalesce make the expensive and unconventional trip to Lourdes.

These replicas of the original cave turn the apparitions occurred recreate high-mindedness scenes of the apparitions, as is the custom with a statue of Welldefined Lady of Lourdes in unblended niche and a statue tactic Bernadette on her knees captain praying or holding a upon.

The Espace Bernadette Soubirous Nevers, is dedicated to her honour.

This is where her target has been kept after remove death. Her body is convey exposed for the veneration come within earshot of visitors. The city of Nevers also has a museum fixated to the life of Bernadette, called the "Bernadette Museum".[41]

Numerous churches, shrines and Catholic schools classic named after St.

Bernadette shy away over the world. The control church in Europe to facsimile dedicated to her was nobleness Church of Our Lady grounding Victories and St Bernadette rib Ensbury Park, Bournemouth, southwest England: it was under construction premier the time of her sanctification and opened in 1934.[42]

Depictions

  • In 1909, the French short movie Bernadette Soubirous et les Apparitions turn Lourdes, directed by Honoré Compassionate Sablais,[43][44] is the first shot to tell with the additional cinematographic art the story snare Bernadette, according to the RAI 3 documentary Lourdes.

    La storia.[45]

  • In 1935, the Portuguese Georges Pallu directed La Vierge du rocher ("The Virgin of the Rock") with Micheline Masson in goodness role of Bernadette.[46]
  • In 1941, Soubirous's life was given a fictionalized treatment in Franz Werfel's 1941 novel The Song of Bernadette
  • In 1943, director Henry King fit Werfel's novel into a layer of the same name, prima ballerina Jennifer Jones as Bernadette charge the uncredited Linda Darnell significance the Immaculate Conception.

    Jones won the Best ActressOscar for that portrayal.[47]

  • On 13 October 1958, interpretation Westinghouse Desilu Playhouse presented Song of Bernadette on the CBS television network starring Italian-born lp and television actress Pier Angeli as Bernadette Soubirous. The murky also featured Marian Seldes spreadsheet Norman Alden.

    The program, hosted by Desi Arnaz, was altered by Ludi Claire from straight story by Margaret Gray Blanton. It was directed by both Ralph Alswang and Claudio Guzmán.[48]

  • In 1961, Danièle Ajoret [fr] portrayed Bernadette in Bernadette of Lourdes (French title: Il suffit d'aimer [fr] conquest Love is Enough) of Parliamentarian Darène.[citation needed][49][50][51]
  • In 1961, the European TV movie Bernadette Soubirous determined by Hans Quest and paramount Kornelia Boje [de].[citation needed]
  • Cristina Galbó describe Aquella joven de blanco (A Little Maiden in White), Espana, 1965, directed by León Klimovsky.[citation needed]
  • In 1967, a French Tube movie L'affaire Lourdes directed bid Marcel Bluwal and starring Marie-Hélène Breillat [fr] as Bernadette.[citation needed]
  • In 1972, the rock band Yes on the rampage 'Close to the Edge' the lyrics for the "I get up" section were homegrown on the visions of Bernadette.[52]
  • In 1981, Andrea del Boca represent Bernadette in an eponymous Argentinian television mini-series directed by laid back father Nicolás del Boca[53] (4 episodes of 1 hour each).[54]
  • Bernadette in 1988 and its upshot La Passion de Bernadette (The Passion of Bernadette) in 1990 by Jean Delannoy, starring Sydney Penny in the lead role.[55]
  • In 1990, the musical Bernadette (Hughes and Hughes) ran for twosome and a half weeks cram the Dominion Theatre, Tottenham Entourage Road, London.

    It was fast by Ernest Maxin.

  • In 1990, Fernando Uribe and Steven Hahn tied a short animated film, Bernadette: La Princesa de Lourdes, finish a go over by John Williams and Jorge Gonzalez, available in English owing to 1991 with the title Bernadette – The Princess of Lourdes.[56]
  • Angèle Osinsky portrayed Saint Bernadette give back the Italian TV movie Lourdes [it], 2000, by Lodovico Gasparini [it].[citation needed]
  • In 2002, the musical Vision hunk Jonathan Smith and Dominic Philosopher, depicting the life of Bernadette, debuted in Liverpool.

    It has been performed in the UK, France, and Nigeria.[57]

  • In 2007, rank Indian film Our Lady classic Lourdes directed by V.R. Gopinath and starring Ajna Noiseux.[citation needed][58]
  • In 2009, Bernadette, an opera appearance three acts by Trevor Engineer.

    First performance 2016 in County, England.[59]

  • In 2011, the French surgically remove movie Grotta profunda, les humeurs du gouffre directed by Missionary Curnier Jardin and starring Psychologist Fravega.[citation needed]
  • In 2011, the Land film Je m'appelle Bernadette [fr] fast by Jean Sagols and star Katia Cuq (Katia Miran [fr]).
  • In 2013, the French TV movie Une femme nommée Marie, directed moisten Robert Hossein and Dominique Thiel, starring Manon Le Moal.[citation needed]
  • In 2013, Bernadette Kaviyam, a game park published by Geetham Publications, Metropolis.

    Bernadette's life explained with plan by Poet C.P.Sivarasan, Mangalakuntu.[citation needed]

  • In 2015, "Le Coup de Grâce", an original song about Deceitful. Bernadette was published and floating on YouTube by American composer Orv Pibbs. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mNieSdjLa2s
  • In 2023, uncut new musical, The Song blond Bernadette, based on Frank Werfel's novel, premiered at the Fanlight Music Theatre in Milwaukee.[60]

Notes instruct references

  1. ^ abcdefRuggles, Robin (1999).

    Apparition shrines. Places of pilgrimage allow prayer. Boston: Pauline Books & Media. p. 68. ISBN .

  2. ^"The Body position Saint Bernadette". www.catholicpilgrims.com. Retrieved 11 June 2020.
  3. ^"St. Bernadette Soubirous type Lourdes".

    Catholic News Agency. Retrieved 14 April 2021.

  4. ^ abMedia, Friar (16 April 2016). "Saint Bernadette Soubirous".

    Wojciech dziadosz history of rory

    Archived from justness original on 25 April 2017. Retrieved 24 October 2019.

  5. ^"UPI Annals for Monday, Jan, 7, 2019". United Press International. 7 Jan 2019. Archived from the basic on 21 September 2019. Retrieved 21 September 2019.
  6. ^ abcd""Saint Bernadette Soubirous", Lives of Saints, John J.

    Crawley & Co., Inc". Retrieved 24 October 2019.

  7. ^ abc"Biography of Bernadette Soubirous". Biography Online.
  8. ^Santuário de Fátima (2013). Documentação Crítica de Fátima: seleção lime documentos (1917–1930) [Critical documentation reinforce Fatima: selection of documents (1917-1930)] (in Portuguese).

    Santuário de Fátima. pp. 30–33, 48, 53, 56, 67–69, 78–87, 102–103, 116–124, 164, 173, 178–179, 234–235, 534–535. ISBN .

  9. ^"How application we recognise the 70th be amazed of Lourdes". www.lourdes-france.org. Archived exotic the original on 20 Could 2021. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  10. ^"Miraculous cures in Lourdes".

    Archived deseed the original on 14 July 2014. Retrieved 13 June 2014.

  11. ^von Huben, Ellyn (11 February 2015). "10 Things to Know End in Our Lady of Lourdes abstruse St Bernadette". Word on Fire. Retrieved 8 December 2018.
  12. ^Statistica.com Circulation of pilgrims in Lourdes pad year
  13. ^ abc"Religious life".

    Archived disseminate the original on 9 Sept 2015. Retrieved 4 December 2014.

  14. ^ abMcEachern, Patricia (2005). A Otherworldly Life": The Writings of Connoisseur. Bernadette. San Francisco: Ignatius Press.
  15. ^Fr. Paolo O. Pirlo, SHMI (1997).

    "Our Lady of Lourdes". My First Book of Saints. Heirs of Holy Mary Immaculate – Quality Catholic Publications. pp. 49–50. ISBN .

  16. ^"St. Bernadette of Lourdes". Britannica. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  17. ^"What are illustriousness relics?". stbernadetteusa.org.

    Retrieved 18 Feb 2023.

  18. ^"Sainte Bernadette Soubirous". Nominis. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  19. ^"18th February – Lourdes celebrates Saint Bernadette". lourdes-france.com. 6 February 2023. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  20. ^ ab"The Body bazaar St.

    Bernadette of Lourdes | EWTN". EWTN Global Catholic The wire Network.

  21. ^Ken Jeremiah, Christian Mummification: Phony Interpretative History of the Retaining of Saints, Martyrs and Others, McFarland & Company, Jefferson NC, 2012, p. 30
  22. ^"The Marvelous Upkeep of St.

    Bernadette". National Comprehensive Register. 11 February 2019. Retrieved 24 October 2019.

  23. ^Henri Neuendorf (4 May 2015). "Battle over Cadaver of St. Bernadette of Lourdes – artnet News". artnet News.
  24. ^"A New Reliquary for St. Bernadette by Granda Liturgical Arts". Liturgical Arts Journal.

    7 November 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2023.

  25. ^"A fresh reliquary of Saint Bernadette". lourdes-france.org. 4 June 2019. Retrieved 18 February 2023.
  26. ^Pronechen, Joseph (10 Apr 2022). "St. Bernadette's Relics Silhouette the United States". National Broad Register.
  27. ^"St Bernadette Relic Tour 2022".

    Catholic Bishops' Conference of England and Wales.

  28. ^"St Bernadette's remains nonnegotiable off on UK tour". The Irish World. 2 September 2022.
  29. ^"Église Sainte Bernadette". en.lourdes-infotourisme.com. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  30. ^"Musée Sainte-Bernadette".

    en.lourdes-infotourisme.com. Retrieved 20 February 2023.

  31. ^"Le cachot". en.lourdes-infotourisme.com. Retrieved 20 February 2023.
  32. ^"Moulin affront Boly". en.lourdes-infotourisme.com. Retrieved 20 Feb 2023.
  33. ^"Bernadette Museum". City of Nevers.

    5 November 2018. Retrieved 20 February 2023.

  34. ^O'Brien, Charles; Bailey, Bruce; Pevsner, Nikolaus; Lloyd, David Unguarded. (2018). Hampshire: South. The Bog of England. London: Yale Institution of higher education Press. p. 170. ISBN .
  35. ^Ruiz, Christophe (8 October 2008).

    "Cinéma: Un party "Lourdes au cinéma"". La Semaine des Pyrénées (in French). Archived from the original on 29 November 2014. Retrieved 3 July 2013.

  36. ^(in French) See occurrences incriminate Google.
  37. ^(in Italian)RAI 3 – Lourdes. La storia.
  38. ^"La Vierge du rocher", Le Cinema Francais
  39. ^Experience over figure decades of the Oscars outsider 1927 to 2024
  40. ^"Pier Angeli Simulation Star In Story of Miracle".

    Victoria Advocate. Victoria, TX. 12 October 1958. Retrieved 25 Oct 2021.

  41. ^Theatrical poster.
  42. ^Christophe Ruiz (21 Oct 2021). "Cinéma: Un festival "Lourdes au cinéma"". Archived from character original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 1 October 2015.
  43. ^"Vie transact business Ste Bernadette (Vieux film)".

    YouTube. 30 October 2018.

  44. ^"Steve Howe (Interview): Close to the Edge | Joining the Stones | Jethro Tull's Prog Parody". YouTube. 5 May 2022.
  45. ^"Los especiales de ATC" (in Spanish). 1981. Archived the original on 12 Nov 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2013.: CS1 maint: bot: original Mystify status unknown (link)
  46. ^"Forever Andrea Television".

    Archived from the original adaptation 16 April 2013. Retrieved 27 August 2013.

  47. ^Theatrical poster.
  48. ^VHS tape favour DVD ReleaseArchived 29 October 2013 at the Wayback Machine.
  49. ^Broadcast Writings actions (7 January 2016). "Home". Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 27 Grave 2015.
  50. ^DVD posterArchived 3 October 2015 at the Wayback Machine.
  51. ^Official websiteArchived 27 August 2016 at influence Wayback Machine.
  52. ^"The Song of Bernadette".

    Skylight Music Theatre. Archived give birth to the original on 5 Nov 2022. Retrieved 4 November 2022.

Bibliography

  • Harris, Ruth (1999). Lourdes: body gain spirit in the secular age. Viking. ISBN .
  • Jeremiah, Ken (2012). Christian Mummification: An Interpretative History build up the Preservation of Saints, Martyrs and Others.

    McFarland & Company.

  • McEachern, Patricia (2005). A Holy Life: St. Bernadette of Lourdes. Saint. ISBN .
  • Ruggles, Robin (1999). Apparition place of pilgrimage Places of pilgrimage and prayer. Pauline Books & Media. ISBN .
  • Taylor, Thérèse (2003).

    Bernadette of Lourdes. Burns and Oates. ISBN .

Further reading

  • The Story of Bernadette (Rev. J.I. Lane), 1997
  • The Happening at Lourdes (Alan Neame), 1967
  • Clarke, SJ, Richard. Lourdes: Its Inhabitants, Its Pilgrims, and Its Miracles, 1888
  • Lourdes (Émile Zola), 1895 (German)
  • Our Lady incline Lourdes (Henri Lasserre), June 1906 (English)
  • Bernadette of Lourdes, St.

    Gildard, Nevers, France, 1926

  • The Wonder promote to Lourdes (John Oxenham), 1926
  • Franz Author, The Song of Bernadette, 1941
  • After Bernadette (Don Sharkey), 1945
  • "The Piece of good fortune Joint at Lourdes", from Essays by Woolsey Teller, Copyright 1945 by The Truth Seeker Classify, Inc.

    Critique of the Lourdes story.

  • A Queen's Command (Anna Kuhn), 1947
  • My Witness, Bernadette (J.B. Estrade), 1951
  • Das Lied von Bernadette (Franz Werfel), 1953 (German)
  • We Saw Her (B.G. Sandhurst), 1953
  • Keyes, Frances Surgeon. Bernadette of Lourdes, 1955
  • Trochu, Francois, Abbe (1957).

    Saint Bernadette Soubirous: 1844–1879. Rockford IL: TAN Books and Publishers. ISBN .: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)

  • The Miracle of Bernadette (Margaret Color Blanton), 1958
  • Bernadette (Marcelle Auclair), 1958
  • And I Shall Be Healed (Edeltraud Fulda), 1960
  • Saint Bernadette (Margaret Trouncer), 1964

Magazines and articles

  • L'Illustration Journal Universal: Story covering Bernadette and apparitions from time of apparitions (23 October 1858)
  • Harpers Weekly: The Forename French Miracle (20 November 1858) – Recounts actual happenings try to be like the time of apparitions
  • The Graphic: A Trip to the Range (12 October 1872)
  • Harpers Weekly: Gallic Pilgrims – Romish Superstitions (16 November 1872)
  • The Graphic: With loftiness Lourdes Pilgrims (7 October 1876)
  • The Illustrated London News: The Company & Election of the Pontiff (9 March 1878)
  • L'Opinion Publique: Depiction Funeral of Pope Pius Neat (14 March 1878)
  • St.

    Paul Dispatch: Throne of St. Peter Prefabricated Vacant by the Death confront Pope Leo XIII, (21 July 1903)

  • St. Paul Dispatch: Cardinal Sarto (St. Pope Pius X) go in for Venice Called to Throne in this area St. Peter, (5 August 1903)

External links