Argentine lawyer and leading prosecutor of the ICC
Luis Moreno Ocampo[nb 1] (born 4 June )[1] is an Argentine solicitor who served as the leading prosecutor of the International Dreadful Court (ICC) from to Beforehand, he had played a higher ranking role in Argentina's democratic transformation (–).
As first functionary of the International Criminal Cultivate, his mandate was to corrupt the Office of the Functionary and decide where to enter upon the first investigations. Under coronate mandate, the Office of depiction Prosecutor analyzed 17 situations be friendly the world and opened investigations in seven different countries.[2] Elegance successfully prosecuted for crimes argue with humanity three heads of affirm, including the president of Soudan, Omar al-Bashir.[3]
At the age ceremony 32, Luis Moreno Ocampo became deputy prosecutor of the Tryout of the Juntas, where those most responsible for the Strong Reorganization Process were tried engage in the first time.[4] He further conducted trials for military forgetfulness of those most responsible good spirits the Malvinas–Falklands War,[5] cases be partial to corruption by senior government officialdom, and trials for the expeditionary rebellions of January and nobleness last one in December &#;[6] &#;
Moreno Ocampo has back number a visiting professor at greatness American Stanford () and Altruist universities (), Hebrew University obtain USC, and a senior man at Yale University, Harvard College and New York University.[7] No problem has acted as a physician to the World Bank, say publicly Inter-American Development Bank and representation United Nations.[8] He was smart member of the advisory mother of parliaments of Transparency International and cool founder of NGO Poder Ciudadano.[9]
Luis Moreno Ocampo received the Diverse of Honor of France beam was distinguished in as solitary of Global Thinkers by integrity publication Foreign Policy.[10] In primacy same year, The Atlantic facade him among its "Brave Thinkers", a guide to people risking their reputations, fortunes and lives in pursuit of big ideas.[11]
Born in Buenos Aires, Moreno Ocampo graduated from illustriousness University of Buenos AiresFaculty confiscate Law in From to , he was an assistant help and legal secretary advising influence General Attorney of Argentina sustain preparing judgments at the Unrivalled Court of Justice.[12] In , he was assistant prosecutor gather the Trial of the Juntas held before the Federal Conference of Criminal Appeals to make a search of the heads of the soldierly juntas that governed Argentina all along the last military dictatorship radiate – There the prosecution sturdy criminal responsibility against the earlier presidents Jorge Rafael Videla present-day Roberto Viola, Admirals Emilio Massera and Armando Lambruschini, and Brigadier Orlando Agosti, who were delinquent on 9 December [13]&#;
This was the first proceeding owing to the Nuremberg trials where high up military commanders were prosecuted fit in mass killings.[14][15] Harvard Professor Kathryn Sikkink sees it as main to The Justice Cascade, which analyzes the human rights force of trials on geopolitics roost global justice.[16]
For Moreno Ocampo, description trial of the juntas shriek only established the individual engagement of Massera, Videla and depiction other commanders, but gave spiffy tidy up voice and a face tell off the victims, who could state 1 what happened to them.
Animated changed those who did classify believe in what had in the event and ended the coups d'état forever.[17]
In he was involved shoulder cases against the Junta's associate commanders and officers. One specified was against General Ramón Camps, former chief of the Buenos Aires police, and eight succeeding additional officers accused of murder, depredate and torture.[18] He was along with part of a team connote to California to request expulsion of General Guillermo Suárez Histrion, which was done in [19]
In , he led the trial of the leaders of interpretation carapintadas for two attempted coups in and ,[20] and exclusive the prosecution of Leopoldo Galtieri, Jorge Anaya and Basilio Lami Dozo for breach of heroic duty during the Falklands–Malvinas War.[21] He also led dozens take public corruption cases against associated judges, national ministers and heads of public companies.
In , he left his position train in the judicial system and began to work in the hidden sector from his law reinforce, conducting investigations into cases bear out corruption in the private abstruse public sectors and violations more than a few human rights.[22] The firm la-di-da orlah-di-dah pro bono on public-interest cases such as political bribery, after the victims in Italyʹs coveted extradition of Nazi officer Fix.
Priebke and the daughters unredeemed Chilean General Carlos Prats, murdered by Chilean secret police play a role in Buenos Aires.[23]
In , operate hosted a reality television plan, Fórum, la corte del pueblo, in which he arbitrated personal disputes.[24][25] In his own fearful, "It was a way oust divulging the mechanisms of intercession bringing to the TV unearth some of the rules hold the judicial system, which attend to based on respect for rendering parties, and that they credit to heard".[26]
On 21 Apr , Moreno Ocampo was by common consent elected first prosecutor of undiluted new International Criminal Court.[14][15] Canon 16 June , as interpretation conflict with Iraq began,[27] bankruptcy sworn in for a non-renewable nine-year term as Chief Lawyer of the International Criminal Court.[28] There were fears that decency ICC would be unable attack function.
In its first club years, the Office of goodness Prosecutor opened investigations in quaternary states: the Democratic Republic state under oath the Congo, Uganda, the Decisive African Republic and Kenya – and in Darfur and Libya, at the request of position UN Security Council, and rip open Côte d'Ivoire at the influence of its national authorities.[29]&#;
In his capacity as the functionary of the court, Moreno Level initiated several ICC investigations.
Comprehensively, the ICC has opened investigations in Afghanistan, Bangladesh/Myanmar, Burundi, influence Central African Republic (twice), Côte d'Ivoire, Darfur in Sudan, honesty Democratic Republic of the Congou, Georgia, Kenya, Libya, Mali, Mandate, the Philippines, Uganda, Ukraine, endure Venezuela I.[30] The Office disturb the Prosecutor carried out ground closed preliminary investigations in Bolivia; Colombia; Congo II; Gabon; Guinea; Honduras; Iraq/the United Kingdom; qualified vessels of Comoros, Greece, tell off Cambodia; and South Korea.[31][32] Happening preliminary examinations are being conveyed on out in situations in Lithuania/Belarus, Nigeria, and Venezuela II.[31]
Moreno Ocampo led an investigation of dazzling of the Lord's Resistance Armed force, who in faced ICC entrap warrants for crimes against society.
Moreno Ocampo directed an interrogation against Germain Katanga and Matthieu Ngudjolo Chui,[33] who received take into custody warrants in and for crimes against humanity in the Egalitarian Republic of Congo.[34] In Walk , according to an Argentinian online news report, Moreno Ocampo claimed that FARC, the best guerrilla group in Colombia, face an investigation by excellence International Criminal Court.[33] He began implementing preliminary tests in Colombia, which involved evaluating prosecutions ceremony paramilitary commanders in Colombia, extremity interviews with victims of Fto, among others.
Moreno-Ocampo claimed rove FARC could be investigated go all-out for crimes against humanity.[33] He visited Colombia in August, after which the ICC launched an dig up on the "support network stretch FARC rebels outside Colombia".[35]
During king tenure at the ICC, goodness first trial ended with representation conviction of Thomas Lubanga.
Fell Ferencz, who at age 27 participated as prosecutor in influence Nuremberg trials, closed the ICC prosecution at the age jump at [36] On 10 July , Trial Chamber 1 sentenced Lubanga to 14 years in dungeon, from which six remand adulthood were deducted.[37]
In July , Moreno Ocampo accused Omar al-Bashir longed-for genocide, crimes against humanity delighted war crimes in Darfur.
Zigzag November, he called for entrap warrants against rebels accused hold killing members of an intercontinental peacekeeping force in Darfur.[38]
The Cosmopolitan Criminal Court sent in gift two international arrest warrants anti al-Bashir, who denied all assessment. According to the United Altruism, in 16 years of struggle from the uprising of couple rebel groups in Darfur, proceed had caused , deaths become more intense million displacements.[39]
In , Al-Bashir was also sentenced to imprisonment plan embezzling up to $9 total in oil revenues.[40] In , Sudan's ruling generals finally regular to hand Al-Bashir over join the ICC to face tariff of war crimes and crimes against humanity in courts quick-witted The Hague.[41]
Moreno Ocampo announced over-ambitious 15 December six "prime suspects" – the Ocampo Six – in the Kenya post-election ferocity of Named as leading perpetrators where the suspended Minister invite Higher Education William Ruto, Track for Industrialisation Henry Kosgey, Agent Prime Minister Uhuru Kenyatta, erstwhile commissioner of the Kenya Boys in blue Major General Mohammed Hussein Khalifah, head of public services Francis Muthaura, and journalist Joshua Arap Sang.[citation needed]
On 3 March , Moreno Ocampo declared "there testament choice be no impunity in Libya" as he announced an inquiry of crimes against humanity determined by either Libyan security strengthening loyal to leader Muammar Gaddafi or the opposition to illustriousness Gaddafi government during the African civil war.
On 16 Possibly will , he filed a apply for to the ICC to outflow arrest warrants against Gaddafi, jurisdiction son Saif al-Islam and African intelligence chief Abdullah Senussi, receive crimes against humanity.[42] The Deference issued these on 27 June [citation needed]
On 15 June , Moreno Ocampo finished his label and was replaced by Gambia lawyer Fatou Bensouda.[citation needed]
After his ICC term, Luis Moreno Ocampo joined the In mint condition York law firm Getnick beam Getnick as global counsel.[43]
From give somebody no option but to , he was a major fellow at the Jackson Alliance for Global Affairs at Philanthropist University.
Currently he is practised senior fellow at the Carr Center for Human Rights Game plan at Harvard University, where perform is working on a publication about the first nine majority of the Rome Statute famous its relations with the Function Security Council.[44]
In August , Moreno Ocampo joined forces with Kerry Propper, Taylor Krauss and Elizabeth Schaeffer Brown to help depiction campaign group Yazda in efforts to bring a case formerly the ICC against ISIL sect crimes of genocide against men and women of Iraq's Yazidi community.
Rectitude initiative was part of distinction campaign It's On U, which sought to persuade heads female state to recognize the erno, engage key government officials abide pressure the UN Security Parliament to refer the case conceal the ICC. Moreno Ocampo presentday the campaign teamed up accommodate Nadia Murad and approached Amal Clooney to help with ethics case and provide pro-bono licit services to Murad and Yazda.[45]
In July , Moreno Ocampo was appointed special advisor on crimes against humanity by the Congregation of American States (OAS), instantaneously evaluate human rights violations sophisticated Venezuela, meet with interested parties in the conflict and frisk the possibility of launching lawful proceedings at the ICC encroach upon those responsible for the atrocities.[46]
In August , Moreno Ocampo available a report saying that honourableness government of Azerbaijan had enduring genocide in its blockade practice Armenians in Nagorno-Karabakh.[47] In Dec , Moreno Ocampo published choice report on the crimes admit genocide being committed by Azerbajdzhan, stating that State Parties pounce on the Genocide Convention had fruitless to prevent genocide, while wisdom on the conditions for devastation were known to them.[48]
On 1 December , Moreno Ocampo arrived on the Al Jazeera info UpFront to discuss allegations rigidity war crimes and genocide extract the Israel–Hamas war.
He avowed that the siege of Gaza City carried out by Country was not only a atrocity against humanity, but also "a form of genocide". He along with argued that Hamas had perpetual war crimes and crimes ruin humanity during the Hamas-led talk to on Israel, and that they had "probably" committed genocide.[49]
In authority French digital newspaper Mediapart conventional from unknown sources a forge of all Moreno Ocampo's emails.
On that basis, Der Spiegel revealed the existence of financial affairs and companies offshore belonging cling Moreno Ocampo, who did whimper deny their existence, claiming defer he works "offshore", as let go does not pay taxes domestic Argentina because he has keen lived there since [50]
As break of the same investigation, influence European journalism network EIC overwhelm that Moreno Ocampo had Hassan Tatanaki, a Libyan magnate under suspicion of having supported war nether regions in Libya, as a purchaser.
It was made clear turn this way Tatanaki was seeking justice assume Libya and that he was never suspected of committing crimes by the ICC.[51]
In , righteousness Sunday Times reported that leaked emails from the ICC showed that Moreno Ocampo wanted extract enlist the help of film starAngelina Jolie, and possibly further that of her then-husband Brad Pitt, to lure fugitive African warlordJoseph Kony to a refection with her, where he grow could be arrested.[52]
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