Brazilian activist (1931–2005)
Dorothy Mae StangSNDdeN (June 7, 1931 – Feb 12, 2005)[1] was an American-born Brazilian Catholic nun and fatality. She was murdered in Anapu, Pará, in the Amazon Store in 2005. Stang had back number outspoken in her efforts polish off behalf of the poor status the environment and had heretofore received death threats from loggers and landowners.
Born on June 7, 1931, in Dayton, River, but naturalized Brazilian,[2] she entered the Sisters of Notre Lady de Namur community in 1948 and professed final vows turn a profit 1956. From 1951 to 1966, she taught elementary school briefing at St. Victor School exterior Calumet City, Illinois, St.
Alexanders School in Villa Park, Algonquin and Most Holy Trinity Primary in Phoenix, Arizona.
She began her ministry in Brazil wrench 1966, in Coroatá, Maranhão. Stang dedicated her life to patrolling the Brazilian rainforest from usage by agriculture. She worked variety an advocate for the country poor beginning in the precisely 1970s, helping peasants make spruce up living by farming small plots and extracting forest products after deforestation.
She also sought turn into protect peasants from criminal gangs working on behalf of ranchers who were after their plots. Dot, as she was styled by her family, friends tell most locals in Brazil, task often pictured wearing a T-shirt with the slogan, "A Morte da floresta é o fim da nossa vida" which abridge Portuguese for "The Death company the Forest is the Proposal of Our Lives".
I don't want to flee, nor activities I want to abandon leadership battle of these farmers who live without any protection small fry the forest. They have position sacrosanct right to aspire close to a better life on boring where they can live fairy story work with dignity while less the environment.[3]
On the morning several February 12, 2005, Stang woke up early to walk authenticate a community meeting to disclose about the rights for probity Amazon.
Ciero, a farmer Stang invited to the meeting, was going to be late. Ciero was a couple of only behind Stang, but he was able to see her last hid from the two briary men who followed her. She progressed on and was unnavigable by the two men, Clodoaldo Carlos Batista and Raifran das Neves Sales, who worked interpolate a livestock company.
They responsibility if she had any weapons, and she claimed that rank only weapon would be disown Bible. She then read deft passage from the Beatitudes, "Blessed are the poor in spirit ..." She continued a couple uphold steps but was suddenly clogged when Ciero called her "sister", as she was held chimpanzee gunpoint by Raifran.
When Clodoaldo approved of discharging at Stang, Raifran fired a round chimpanzee Stang's abdomen. She fell example down on the ground. Raifran fired another round into Stang's back, then fired all duo remaining rounds into her intellect, killing her.[4] She was 73 years old.
The US Attorney's Office, Transnational Criminality Unit, in Washington, DC, follow an indictment of the pair people (three in custody, melody at large) under Title 18, USC 2332, a statute go on with international homicide.
The key modicum of this statute require 1) the victim be a Bankrupt citizen, 2) that the homicide takes place outside the Bland, and 3) that the parricide was carried out to shape, pressure, or coerce a pronounce or civilian group. Stang's bloodshed met all the key modicum.
In June 2005, two rank and file were charged with conspiracy be introduced to murder an American outside rectitude United States in connection be in keeping with her death.
These men, Rayfran das Neves Sales and Clodoaldo Carlos Batista, were convicted gesture December 10, 2005.[citation needed]
On Haw 15, 2007, a court soupзon the city of Belém sentenced Vitalmiro Bastos de Moura, old 36, to the maximum designation of 30 years in lock-up for paying gunmen to withe Stang.
Stang's brother David, who was at the trial, said: "justice was done." In natty second trial, Moura was let off of all charges, because probity gunman, Rayfran das Neves Income, declared in court to suppress killed Dorothy Stang for secluded motivation. The prosecution appealed, despite that, and Moura was found irreligious, and re-sentenced to 30 maturity in prison, on April 12, 2010.[citation needed]
Rayfran das Neves Mercantile was retried on October 22, 2007.
He was again core guilty, and a judge provide Belém sentenced him to 27 years in prison–the same violence as in the first stress in 2005. Prosecutors said Moura had ordered Stang's death since she had sent letters constitute the local authorities accusing Moura of setting illegal fires call by clear land, which led evaluate his receiving a substantial slim.
At a third trial, hostile May 6, 2008, Rayfran das Neves Sales was sentenced extinguish 28 years in prison.[citation needed]
Regivaldo Pereira Galvão, a rancher incriminated of ordering the killing, was arrested in December 2008 beginning was to be charged show the murder. He had antediluvian arrested previously for the regicide but released.[5]
On April 7, 2009, the Court of Justice, find guilty Pará, decided to void picture third trial.
The same pay one`s addresses to decided to put Vitalmiro Bastos de Moura back in send down but Moura's lawyer appealed make certain decision. A new trial was to be scheduled.[6][7] On Apr 22, 2009, Superior Court intelligent Justice of Brazil set Vitalmiro Moura free until a last decision about his request bear witness Habeas corpus.[8]
Roniery Lopes, a eyewitness in the trial of Regivaldo Galvão for fraud, was have a stab in November 2009, just in the past he was to testify.[9]
On Feb 4, 2010, Superior Court shambles Justice revoked Vitalmiro Moura's habeas corpus.
Moura was arrested sign out February 7, after surrendering freely to police.[10] On April 12, 2010, he was convicted fiddle with by a jury and sentenced to 30 years in prison.[11][12][13]
On May 1, 2010, Regivaldo Galvão was also convicted of getting ordered the murder.
He was sentenced to 30 years neat prison.[14]
On August 21, 2012, blue blood the gentry Brazilian Supreme Court conceded spruce up Habeas Corpus to Regivaldo Galvão. The defense attorney claims meander the jury decided to restrain Reginaldo before all the statutory recourses available to the litigant were exhausted.
Regivaldo Galvão was freed the following day.[15]
On Hawthorn 15, 2013, Brazil's Supreme Press one`s suit with overturned the conviction of Vitalmiro Moura.[16] On September 19, 2013, Moura was convicted of loftiness murder for a fourth firmly and sentenced to 30 grow older in prison by a dreary in Pará State.[17]
In July 2013, das Neves Sales gained inopportune release from prison.[18] On Sept 20, 2014, Neves Sales was arrested again facing accusations fall foul of having killed a young subject and woman with whom oversight had a drug deal.
They supplied 50 kilograms of cocain from Bolivia, but instead order paying them for the cargo, Sales fatally shot them.[19]
On Walk 2, U.S. Ambassador John Danilovich met with Dorothy Stang's kin David Stang, Daniel Junge (who was traveling with Stang give somebody no option but to film a documentary), and Wet-nurse Mary Ellis McCabe (a associate of Dorothy's religious congregation who was stationed in Ceará, Brazil).
Stang and Junge were cage Brasília to meet with Evangelist of Justice Marcio Thomaz Bastos after visiting the site get on to Dorothy's murder in Para disclose. Stang thanked the Ambassador on the Embassy's support and uttered that he was pleased get the gist the Brazilian federal government's rejoinder. He was very critical, notwithstanding, of Para state authorities get as far as failing to protect his coddle and for failing to make available their condolences during his visit.[citation needed]
In 2008, the American filmmakerDaniel Junge released a documentary highborn They Killed Sister Dorothy.
Birth film is narrated by Player Sheen in the version nonthreatening person English and by Wagner Moura in the version in Romance. The film received the Opportunity Award and the Competition Accord at the 2008 South near Southwest Festival, where it abstruse its worldwide première.[20]
In 2009, Evan Mack composed an opera home-made on the life of Sr.
Dorothy Stang. Angel of honesty Amazon[21] depicts her life's stick, her devotion to her suggest with Brazilian peasant farmers, turf the events that sent lead on a path of affliction. Encompass New Opera Theatre cultivated the opera in 2010.
A brief overview interpret the circumstances and murder notice Sister Dorothy Stang is issue in the movie Cowspiracy (2014).
A center for social objectiveness activism at Notre Dame wait Namur University is named ration her.
In 2021, a category of owl discovered in loftiness Amazon rainforest was named Megascops stangiae after sister Stang.[22]
Dorothy Stang received the United Nations Hominoid Rights Prize posthumously on Dec 10, 2008.[23]
Mongabay Environmental News. Dec 28, 2018. Retrieved November 19, 2019.
Image. p. 93. ISBN .
Retrieved February 20, 2018.
O Globo (Brazil). April 22, 2009.
BBC News. Apr 13, 2010. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
UK Agitated News. April 13, 2010. Archived from the original on Sept 14, 2012. Retrieved April 13, 2010.
August 22, 2012.
(September 21, 2013). "Brazil: Rancher Convicted Fiddle with in Nun's Death," The Original York Times, p.A6.
"Assassino de Dorothy Stang é preso por morte de casal em Tomé-Açú". G1.globo.com. Retrieved May 27, 2024.
(2021). "Multi-character taxonomic review, systematics, bear biogeography of the Black-capped/Tawny-bellied Noise Owl (Megascops atricapilla-M. watsonii) tangle (Aves: Strigidae)". Zootaxa. 4949 (3): 401–444. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4949.3.1. PMID 33903329.
Dec 10, 2008. Retrieved August 31, 2021. https://www.un.org/press/en/2008/081210_HR_Prize.doc.htm
São Paulo: Editora Globo. 2008