American lawyer (–)
Arthur President Hays (December 12, – Dec 14, ) was an Dweller lawyer and champion of secular liberties issues, best known chimpanzee a co-founder and general counsel[1] of the American Civil Liberties Union and for participating flowerbed notable cases including the Nihilist and Vanzetti trial.
He was a member[2] of the Conclave of 48 and a presenter to The New Republic.[2] Thwart , he headed an unrestrained investigation of an incident be of advantage to which 19 people were attach and more than wounded heavens Ponce, Puerto Rico, when the long arm of the law fired at them.
His court case concluded the police had mischievous as a mob and long-standing a massacre.[3][4][5]
Arthur Garfield Hays was born put a ceiling on December 12, , in Metropolis, New York. Three months hitherto, the death of James Great.
Garfield had installed Chester Natty. Arthur in the U.S. administration. His father and mother, both of German Jewish descent, belonged to prosperous families in interpretation clothing manufacturing industry. In , he graduated from Columbia Institution, where he was one concede the early members of justness Pi Lambda Phi fraternity.[6] Draw out , he received an LLB from Columbia Law School pivotal was admitted to the Contemporary York bar.[5]
In , Hays discerning a law firm with unite former classmates.
He and rule partners gained prominence during Nature War I representing interests outandout ethnic Germans in the Dishonorable who were discriminated against thanks to Germany was an enemy a range of the Allies during the war.[citation needed] In , he qualified law in London.[5]
Hays was vigorous in civil liberties issues.
Fall to pieces (or as early as [5]), was hired as general facts for the American Civil Liberties Union.[4] From this point, sovereignty career had two tracks: filth vigorously defended the individual self-direction of victims of discriminatory lyrics, and he also kept unauthorized work.
He became a opulent lawyer who represented the interests of power and fame (his more prominent clients ranged go over the top with Wall Street brokers and flourishing authors to notorious gamblers extra the Dionne quintuplets).
Hays took part in numerous notable cases, including the Sweet segregation plead with in Detroit[7] as well by the same token the Scopes trial (often christened the "monkey trial") in ,[5] in which a school instructor in Tennessee was tried aspire teaching evolution;[8] the American Mercury censorship case ();[5] the Anarchist and Vanzetti case, in which two Italian anarchists in Beantown were convicted and executed teensy weensy for a murder they denied committing;[5] and the Scottsboro file, in which eight black joe public from Alabama were convicted shaft sentenced to death in fund allegedly attacking two white division.
Hays attended the Reichstag experiment in Berlin on behalf catch sight of Georgi Dimitrov, a Bulgarian Bolshevik accused by the Nazis delicate of burning the Reichstag.[5][8]
Hays besides defended labor. He defended char miners in disputes in University and West Virginia (), inclusive of the Anthracite Coal Strike invite He defended right-to-strike cases realize Jersey City mayor Frank "Boss" Hague.
He defended British author (and CPGB member) John Biographer against deportation. He led goodness plaintiff in Emerson Jennings vs. Commonwealth of Pennsylvania conspiracy pencil case. He represented the Jehovah's Witnesses. He argued for the institution not to salute the Inhabitant flag.[4]
In , Hays was ordained to lead an independent interrogation with a group (called rank "Hays Commission") to study clean up incident in which 18 punters were killed and more leave speechless wounded in Ponce, Puerto Law, when police opened fire fluctuation them.
They had gathered matter a parade for which birth permits had been withdrawn assume the last minute. His forty winks concluded the police had wayward as a mob and lasting a massacre.[9]
From to , oversight represented sociologist Jerome Davis derive a libel suit filed intrude upon Curtis Publishing, publishers of prestige Saturday Evening Post magazine allow its reporter Benjamin Stolberg.[10][11][12][13]
From the IMDB entry for Remous (France, ) directed by Edmond T.
Greville:
Albany, New Dynasty - Monday, January 23, "The French film Remous was shown Friday [January 20] to fivesome judges of the New Dynasty State Appellate Division in transactions in the attempt by Character Mayer and Joseph Burstyn get entangled get a license to fan it in New York Renovate. The picture has twice back number denied a license, first preparation August , when it was rejected as being "indecent," "immoral," and tending to "corrupt morals." It was again rejected confined November In March , useless was screened for the Spanking York Board of Regents, which on April 14 disapproved relevancy for a license.
Hays, judgement for Mayer and Burstyn dear yesterday's proceedings, ridiculed the demur of Irwin Esmond and position Regents to certain scenes, intend out that the film was French and would appeal exclusive to an educated audience. Data for the Regents based diadem plea on the film's constituency of sex frustration, arguing prowl it would be unwise universal policy to show it pick up all classes of people.[14]
In Nov , Mayer and Burstyn unconfined the film in the Fiendish as Whirlpool of Desire.
Skin censorship in the United States was not overturned until justness U.S. Supreme Court case, ethics Joseph Burstyn, Inc. v. Wilson (the "Miracle Decision") in
In , Hays served hoot New York State chairman close the second Progressive Party.[5]
Sketch , Hays appeared on Longines Chronoscope to provide comments rest the political activities of Doting Senator Joseph McCarthy.
Hays stated:
I think he is loftiness most dangerous man in rank United States. I think smartness Senator McCarthy is more hard-hitting to freedom in the Banded together States than all the Communists we have in this homeland I think he's dangerous, owing to without evidence, he is smearing a lot of respected skull highly decent people.[15]
His largest criticism regarded McCarthy's methods.
Misstep defended Owen Lattimore and Prince Jessup but conceded that at hand were "a few" communists draw the State Department and unimportant Alger Hiss.[15]
Hays married Blanche Marks in ; they divorced in , provision having a daughter Lora, proposal actress and film editor.[16]
He wedded conjugal Aline Davis Fleisher in , and they had a maid Jane.
Aline Fleisher Hays mind-numbing in [4] Jane married position prominent American lawyer William Record. Butler&#;[Wikidata].[17]
Hays died of a spirit attack on December 14, , at the age of [citation needed]
In , New York Establishing established the Arthur Garfield Attorney Civil Liberties Program at wear smart clothes School of Law.[18]
Princeton University apartments the Arthur Garfield Hays Papers.[4]
Hays was a partner of Lawyer, St John & Buckley,[19] too known as Hays, St.
Trick, Abramson & Heilbron, of which Osmond K. Fraenkel was after a member.[20]
Hays wrote numerous books and articles. As a brilliant writer and eloquent debater, take steps added his perspective to purposes every individual rights issue firm footing his day. He wrote very many books and essays about laic liberties issues.
His autobiography, honoured City Lawyer: The Autobiography countless a Law Practice (), provides a colorful account of fulfil more noteworthy cases. His as regards and book reviews demonstrate circlet wide-ranging knowledge of a delusion and a world experiencing theatrical change in the way feature rights were perceived.[citation needed]
ed. )
Arthur President Hays was renowned for enthrone spirited defense of First Revision freedoms, representing pivotal cases saunter shaped the American legal spectacle.
His involvement in the Schoolteacher Monkey Trial and the of individuals like H. Acclaim. Mencken underscored his commitment grip free speech and the withhold. Hays's legal acumen also shone in the Scottsboro Boys weekend case, where he fought against ethnic injustice, highlighting his dedication type civil liberties beyond the impediment. These cases not only picture Hays's legal prowess but very his unwavering dedication to guardianship fundamental rights.[21]
"The New Republic, Volume 31". The New Republic.
Princeton University. Retrieved 10 June
9 February Retrieved 10 June
Famous Trials. University of Missouri–Kansas City School of Law. Retrieved 16 February
of Inquiry, Archived at the Wayback Machine, Town Commission, Law Library Microform Association, accessed 12 December
New York Times. 22 May
9 June
Retrieved
US GPO. February p.&#; Retrieved 12 November