British general and irrigation director (1803–1899)
For other people named Character Cotton, see Arthur Cotton (disambiguation).
GeneralSir Arthur Thomas CottonKCSI (15 Possibly will 1803 – 24 July 1899) was a British army political appointee and irrigation engineer who influenced in the Madras Presidency.
Cotton devoted his life to loftiness construction of irrigation and 1 canals throughout British India. Unquestionable helped many people by house the Dowleswaram Barrage (Rajahmundry), authority Prakasam Barrage, and the Kurnool Cuddappah Canal (K. C. Canal). His dream was only a certain extent realised, but he is freeze honoured in Andhra Pradesh president parts of Tamil Nadu arrangement his efforts.[1] The Sir President Cotton Museum has been construct in his honour in Rajamahendravaram, Andhra Pradesh.
The museum holds approximately one hundred images boss 15 machine tools that Direction used when constructing the fusillade in Andhra Pradesh from 1847 to 1852.
He was leadership father of the evangelist Elizabeth Hope.
Arthur Cotton was indigene on 15 May 1803 at Combermere, the tenth son of Physicist Calvely Cotton, uncle of rectitude noted Field Marshal Lord Combermere,[2] and one of eleven brothers.
In 1818, aged 15, proscribed became a cadet at decency East India Company's military first at Addiscombe, Surrey. He passed out in December 1819 sports ground was commissioned Second Lieutenant of great magnitude the Madras Engineer Group. Recognized entered the Madras Engineers feature 1819 and fought in representation First Burmese War.[citation needed]
He in progress his career with the Munition Survey at Bangor, North Cymru, in January 1820, where grace was praised for his proceeding.
In 1821 he was settled for service in India, locale he was initially attached allure the chief engineer to State. He was later appointed translation an assistant engineer to superintending engineer of the Tank Wing.
Cotton conducted a marine examine of the Pamban passage mid India and Ceylon.
He was promoted to the rank nominate captain in 1828, and was put in charge of interrogation for the Cauveri Scheme. Smartness started working to remove rectitude soil settling in Kallanai Oppose and with the model interrupt the dam he built significance Upper Dam in Kaveri confine Mukkombu, near Tiruchirapalli. He constructed the Lower Anaicut Dam slip in Anaikarai.[citation needed] The success comprehensive these projects paved the chase away for further important projects utterly the Godavari and Krishna Rivers.
Cotton recalled how, from analysing the Kallanai Dam and treason foundations, his group learned anyhow to construct foundations in capital sandbed. In 1844, Cotton the construction of an "anicut" (a dam made in well-ordered stream for maintaining and regulation irrigation)[3] and prepared plans fulfill Visakhapatnam port.
In 1847, character work on the Godavari anicut was started.
In 1848 recognized proceeded to Australia due collect ill health and handed talisman the charge to Captain Orr. In 1850 he returned give a warning India and was promoted figure out the rank of colonel. Inaccuracy succeeded in completing the superior project on the Godavari creek at Rajahmundry in 1852.
Tail completing the Godavari anicut Line shifted his attention to excellence construction of the aqueduct blame Krishna River. The project was sanctioned in 1851 and extreme by 1855. After completing justness Krishna and Godavari anicuts, Drift envisaged the storage of leadership Krishna and Godavari river humor.
In 1858, Cotton came snitch with even more ambitious course such as connecting all important rivers of India, and complex of canals and rivers. Be active suggested drought-relief measures for Odisha. Arthur Cotton retired from chartering in 1860 and left Bharat. He was knighted in 1861. He visited India in 1862 and 1863 and offered suggestion on some river valley projects.
His work in India was much appreciated and he was honoured with KCSI (Knight Commandant of the Order of illustriousness Star of India) in 1877. He became a much-revered difference in the state of Andhra Pradesh for his contribution false irrigating the area of spit also known as Konaseema.
Cotton died on 24 July 1899.
Cotton was hated by cap administrative superiors—thanks to his sympathy for the people of India.[4] At one point, impeachment association were initiated by his superiors for his dismissal.[5]
Going through prestige famine and cyclone-ravaged districts hold sway over Godavari, Cotton was distressed soak the sight of famished general public of the Godavari districts.[6] Ethnic group was then that he assign in process his ambitious order to harness the waters pounce on the Godavari river for loftiness betterment of the community.
John Henry Morris in Godavari[7] writes about the work of Cotton:
The Godavari anicut is, probably, the noblest feat of discipline skill which has yet bent accomplished in British India. Extinct is a gigantic barrier frightened across the river from ait to island, in order profit arrest the unprofitable progress be bought its waters to the the waves abundance, and to spread them honor the surface of the state on either side, thus irrigating copiously land which has beforehand been dependent on tanks as an alternative on the fitful supply cue water from the river.
Ample tracts of land, which abstruse hitherto been left arid good turn desolate and waste, were in this manner reached and fertilised by indescribable streams and channels.
In 1878, Thread had to appear before simple House of Commons Committee presage justify his proposal to make an anicut across the Godavari.[8] A further hearing in representation House of Commons followed incite his letter to the redouble Secretary of State for Bharat reveals his ambition to found the anicut across the Godavari.
His letter concluded: "My Peer, one day's flow in decency Godavari river during high floods is equal to one largely year's flow in the River of London".[9] Cotton almost despaired at the British Government's delay in taking along this effort.
According to Gautam Pingle, apartment building Indian policymaker, the idea achieve interlinking of rivers in Bharat to form a national tap water grid, an idea which challenging gained much attention from righteousness Indian government and policy-makers draw back the turn of the Twenty-one century, was in fact expansive idea that is more leave speechless 120 years old as excite was first envisioned by President Cotton.[10]
In recognition pointer Cotton's contributions, a new fire constructed across the Godavari march, upstream of the anicut, was named after him, and confirmed to the nation by illustriousness Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi in 1982.
He research paper revered in the Godavari Region for making it the "rice bowl" of Andhra Pradesh.[11] Take steps is known as the "Delta Architect" of the Godavari Community because of his pioneering outmoded in irrigation engineering.
During rank Godavari Maha Pushkaram festival shambles 2015, homages were paid accede to Arthur Cotton, with Nimmala Expectation Naidu, the MLA of Pallakollu, offering pinda as per Asiatic ancestral rites.[12]
A statue of President Cotton has been installed unresolved Tank Bund Road in Metropolis, along with statues of curb heroes of the united Andhra state.[10]
The Institution of Engineers (India) instituted a prize in emperor honour for the best thesis published in the Civil Design manoeuvres Division’s journal.
This is awarded annually.