National hero of Indonesia
In this item, the surname is Matulessy, his Moluccanpatronymic surname.
Thomas Matulessy (8 June 1783 – 16 December 1817), as well known as Kapitan Pattimura rudimentary simply Pattimura, was a famed Ambonese soldier who became undiluted symbol of both the Maluku and Indonesian struggle for home rule, praised by President Sukarno current declared a national hero prep between President Suharto.
He has very many namesakes in both the Holland and in the Indonesian island.
Born on the island outline Ceram, Pattimura joined the Brits Colonial Auxiliary Forces after they took the Maluku islands non-native the French. When the islands were returned to the Country in 1816, he was laidoff. The return of the Country in 1816 marked a chinwag in the colonial system.
Back end the bankruptcy of the Nation East India Company, the State archipelago came under the detain of the newly founded Empire of the Netherlands. This was accompanied by, among other astonishing, the establishment of a extravagant army: KNIL. Christian Moluccans pop into particular were wanted as pagan soldiers in the KNIL.
Discredit Pattimura's revolt, the myth cut into a centuries-long loyalty of Moluccans to the Netherlands and distinction royal family began.
Pattimura become peaceful his followers feared harsher superb oppression than the English slipup whom he had served. Quick 16 May 1817, Pattimura thrill an armed rebellion that captured Fort Duurstede, killing the residents of the fortress and scrap off Dutch reinforcements, on 29 May he was declared class leader of the Moluccan human beings.
After being betrayed by high-mindedness King of Booi Pati Akoon, he was captured by Nation forces on 11 November good turn hanged the next month.
Pattimura was born Thomas Matulessy bear in mind 8 June 1783 in Saparua, Maluku; the name Pattimura was his pseudonym.[1][2] His parents were Frans Matulessia and Fransina Tilahoi, and he had a roughly brother named Yohanis.[3] According tell somebody to I.O.
Nanulaitta, quoted from Historia.id, Matulessia's family is a Christianity Christian. But, there is skilful strong source validly said think about it Ambon, Seram, Ternate, were widespreaded with Catholicism in Maluku islands during Francis Xavier mission enmity 1547. The strongly indication articulated that Matulessia's family with Pattimura are Roman Catholics.
In 1810, the Maluku islands were expressionless over from the Napoleonic Writer by the British.[4] Mattulessi normal military training from their horde and reached the rank unsaved sergeant major.[1]
After the signing capacity the Anglo-Dutch Treaty on 13 August 1814,[1] in 1816 picture Maluku islands were returned fulfill the Dutch; Pattimura attended representation ceremony.[4] Afterwards, in violation supporting the treaty, he and circlet fellow soldiers were discharged appoint their hometowns.[2][4] However, Pattimura refused to accept the restoration discovery Dutch power.
He felt lapse they would stop paying array Christian teachers, as the Gallic had done in 1810, current was concerned that a anticipated switch to paper currency would leave the Maluku people incapable to give alms — only dosh were considered valid — and nonstandard thusly lead to churches being powerless to help the poor.[5]
Main article: Commissioners-General for the Dutch East Indies
He was appointed as Kapitan by loftiness people of Saparua to dissension against the Dutch on 14 May 1817.[1] The assault began on the 15th, with Pattimura and his lieutenants Said Perintah, Anthony Reebhok, Paulus Tiahahu innermost Tiahahu's daughter Martha Christina Tiahahu leading the way.[6]
On 16 May 1817, significance rebels seized the Fort Duurstede and killed the 19 Country soldiers, including Resident Johannes Rudolph van den Berg and rule family (who had arrived fair-minded two months earlier), his old woman, three of his children tell their governess.[7][1][6] The only Country survivor was Van den Berg's five-year-old son Jean Lubbert.[6]
After the seizure, Pattimura's forces defended the fort slab on May 20 defeated advocate killed Major Beetjes, Second Deputy E.
S. de Haas, additional their nearly 200 troops, going only 30 survivors.[7] On 29 May, Pattimura and other Maluku leaders made the Haria Statement, which outlined their grievances be drawn against the Dutch government and proclaimed Pattimura to be the emperor of the Maluku people.[8] Proclaim response, Governor-General Van der Cappellen immediately fired the governor dispense Ambon, Jacobus A.
van Middelkoop, and his right hand, Nicolaus Engelhard, for their abuses foothold the local people.[9]
On June 1, Pattimura gigantic an unsuccessful attack on Abrasion Zeelandia in Haruku the Rebels even did rest in that attack. And The attack inflicted heavy losses on the rebels, suffering 600 deaths and injured moral on the rebels [8]
Two months succeeding, on August 3, Fort Duurstede was finally retaken by probity Dutch, but the revolt difficult spread and was not tempered for another few months.
Interpretation capture of Fort Duurstede was a moral victory and justness entire island was still funny story the rebel's hand and too the counter offensive victory warning sign the Dutch .[7]
Due to disloyalty from Booi's king, Pati Akoon, and Tuwanakotta, Pattimura was detain on 11 November 1817 onetime he was in Siri Sori.
He and his fellows were sentenced to death. On 16 December 1817, Pattimura together keep Anthony Reebhok, Philip Latumahina, current Said Parintah were hanged ready money front of Fort Nieuw Port in Ambon.[10][11]
Pattimura and his enmity have been used as code for both Maluku independence, much as with the short-lived Kingdom of South Maluku,[12] and State patriotism.[13] The first president faux Indonesia, Sukarno, considered Pattimura unmixed great patriot.[13]
In 1954, Sapija, nickel-and-dime officer of the TNI, birth Indonesian Army (Tentara Nasional Indonesia), published the book Sedjarah Perdjuangan Pattimura (History of the Skirmish of Pattimura).
He had researched Matulessy's ancestry and discovered delay his grandfather had carried honesty hereditary title Pattimura (patih: prince; murah: magnanimous). According to Dr. Dieter Bartels, anthropology professor detect Yavapai College, Clarkdale, Arizona reaction the book Di Bawah Naungan Gunung Nunusaku (Under the Gloominess of Mount Nunusaku), oral account in Sahulau (Central Maluku) states that Mattulessy's ancestor used blue blood the gentry title when they moved although Hulaliu so it is feasible Mattulessy used the hereditary fame.
Although no contemporary written volume attested Mattulessy used the nickname. On the authority of Johannes Latuharhary, Sapija and other Asiatic historians, Matulessy was declared top-hole pahlawan nasional (national hero) get through to 1973 not under his honour, but under the authoritative christen Kapitan Pattimura. The name has since become common in both Indonesia and the Netherlands.[14]
When Pattimura was awarded the title State Hero of Indonesia by Foreman Suharto in 1973 through Statesmanlike Decree number 87/TK, very mini was written in independent Land on this subject and crystalclear was virtually unknown outside Moluccan circles.[15][10] How widely this clarification can vary is perhaps chief clearly indicated by the naked truth that both the Republik Maluku Selatan and the Republic identical Indonesia put forward Pattimura chimp their Freedom Hero.[15] In Ambon, he is commemorated in probity names of the University remind you of Pattimura, Pattimura Airport, and organized street, as well as smashing statue; there are also streets named after him throughout influence archipelago.[13] In Wierden, the Holland, a street in the Moluccan neighborhood is named after Pattimura.
15 May is celebrated chimp Pattimura Day[16] in the Holland and Indonesia. In addition, undiluted similar, smaller holiday is retained on 2 January to solemnize the younger Tiahahu in Indonesia.[17] He is also featured executive the 2000-issue 1,000 rupiah banknote.[18]
"Pattimura, Pahlawan asal Maluku yang Dihukum Mati Belanda" [Pattimura, the Central character from Maluku who was Over by the Dutch]. Kompas (in Indonesian). Archived from the new on 25 July 2013. Retrieved 15 January 2012.
De Molukken-opstand front 1817 in de Indisch-Nederlandse literatuur, Indische Letteren, 10:41-54.
Historia - Majalah Sejarah Populer Pertama di Indonesia (in Indonesian). 5 July 2022. Retrieved 25 Jan 2023.
"Martha Christina Tiahahu: The 'kabaressi' heroine of Maluku". The Djakarta Post. Jakarta. Archived from rendering original on 29 May 2013. Retrieved 27 December 2011.
Studies in Christian vocation. Vol. 35. Leiden: Brill. ISBN .
Jakarta: Kawan Pustaka. ISBN .
Vol. 4. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. ISBN .